1. Enable SSL encryption to protect data transmission over the network.
2. If SQL Server and web applications are on separate servers, restrict remote access to approved IPs or consider using an access whitelist. If on the same server, disable remote access directly.
3. Modify the default port (1433) and 'sa' account, and use complex passwords.
4. Implement role-based access control (RBAC) to limit access to sensitive data based on user roles.
5. Regularly review user access permissions to meet business requirements and remove unnecessary privileges.
6. Encrypt data at rest and in transit to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access.
7. Enable auditing and monitoring to track database activities and detect any suspicious behavior.
8. Establish database backup and recovery plans, regularly test them, and store database backups in a separate, secure offline location to ensure backup security.
9. Apply Windows security updates and patches promptly to address known vulnerabilities.9. Use secure connection strings in applications to connect to the database without exposing credentials.
10. Educate users on security best practices, including password hygiene and phishing awareness, through training and awareness programs.